«For a long time, cultural industries as an economic phenomenon were not a subject of special
research interest. By the end of the 1990s, results of research conducted in developed countries
showed that cultural and creative industries generate a high growth rate of Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) or Gross Value Added (GVA) and employment; potentially they have the
characteristics of a leading sector that can generate growth of the overall economy; some of
their sectors (e.g. design) can provide spill over effects for the economy; and they can attract a
high-quality workforce, business and investment, and spur creativity and innovation across all
sectors of the economy. All of this has prompted a very intense economic, political and
academic debate on the contribution of cultural industries in terms of economic development,
and led to a reinvestigation of their role in the structural development and changes of the
economy. The growing interest in cultural industries and their rapid acceptance as a fairly
general model for addressing development problems at the economic and political level, have
contributed that cultural industries become a key component in the formulation of economic
policy and strategic development planning. In this regard, there is a growing tendency in several
countries to include different aspects (production capacity, creative class, cultural amenities,
etc.) of cultural industries in measuring national developmental performances.1
Cultural industries are increasingly becoming important components of the modern economy
and knowledge-based society due to their impact on the enrichment of development. The culture
sector generates two types of impacts: non-economic and economic. The non-economic impacts
that cultural industries have on social development can be seen in the field of social cohesion
and integration of marginalised groups (Council of Europe, 1998; Matarasso, 1997); building of a
new value system (Ingelhart, 2000); affirmation of creativity, talents and excellence (Throsby,
2001; UN,2010b); development of cultural diversity, national identity and the identity of different
cultural groups (UNESCO,2005b; Herrera,2002; Throsby, 2001); facilitating creativity and
innovation (ABS, 2001; Cox, 2005; Potts and Cunningham, 2008; Bakhshi et al., 2008). (...)».
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